Introduction

As cloud service adoption grows, understanding its environmental impact becomes critical. Carbon emissions, representing total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cloud services, arise from energy use in data centers, cooling systems, and infrastructure. This whitepaper examines carbon emissions across major platforms—GCP, AWS, Azure, Oracle Cloud, RedHat, and VMware—and provides methodologies for measurement, analysis, and sustainability strategies. The global market for carbon footprint management is projected to grow from US$9.1 billion in 2024 to US$17.0 billion by 2031, with a CAGR of 7.2%.